Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2013 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 6 Articles
This study aims to identify key miRNAs in circulation, which predict ongoing beta-cell destruction and regeneration in children\r\nwith newly diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). We compared expression level of sera miRNAs from new onset T1D children and\r\nage-matched healthy controls and related the miRNAs expression levels to beta-cell function and glycaemic control. Global miRNA\r\nsequencing analyses were performed on sera pools from two T1D cohorts (n = 275 and 129, resp.) and one control group (n =\r\n151). We identified twelve upregulated human miRNAs in T1D patients (miR-152, miR-30a-5p, miR-181a, miR-24, miR-148a,\r\nmiR-210, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-26a, miR-27b, miR-25, miR-200a); several of these miRNAs were linked to apoptosis and betacell\r\nnetworks. Furthermore, we identified miR-25 as negatively associated with residual beta-cell function (est.: -0.12, P = 0.0037),\r\nand positively associated with glycaemic control (HbA1c) (est.: 0.11, P = 0.0035) 3 months after onset. In conclusion this study\r\ndemonstrates that miR-25 might be a ââ?¬Å?tissue-specificââ?¬Â miRNA for glycaemic control 3 months after diagnosis in new onset T1D\r\nchildren and therefore supports the role of circulating miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for tissue physiopathology and potential\r\nintervention targets....
Background: The amyloidogenic peptides IAPP and ProIAPP1-48 are implicated in cell death in type 2 diabetes mellitus. While\r\nthe mechanism of their deposition in vivo is unknown we have shown that in vitro metals can both accelerate, for example Al(III),\r\nand inhibit, for example Cu(II), their formation of amyloid.\r\nMethods: We have used a combination of thioflavin T fluorescence (ThT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to\r\ninvestigate the potency with which Cu(II) prevented human ProIAPP1-48 from forming sheets of amyloid fibrils both in the\r\nabsence and presence of significant molar excesses of Al(III) or Zn(II).\r\nResults: Cu(II) prevented ProIAPP1-48 from forming fibrillar materials with sheet structure at all concentrations above equimolar\r\nto peptide. At equimolar Cu(II) to ProIAPP1-48 fibrillar-like materials were observed by TEM though these were not ThT-positive.\r\nSignificant excesses of the competitive metals Al(III) and Zn(II) were unable to influence these effects of Cu(II).\r\nConclusions: Cu(II) was shown to be a potent inhibitor of amyloid formation by ProIAPP1-48 and its potency was unaffected by\r\nsignificant excesses of either Al(III) or Zn(II). If the propensities for IAPP and ProIAPP to form amyloid are central to the aetiology of\r\ncell death in type 2 diabetes mellitus then the availability of Cu(II) to prevent amyloidogenesis may be a critical factor for future\r\ntherapy....
Aims. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in pancreatic cancer patients and control subjects was compared. Methods. Retrospective\r\nevaluation of 182 pancreatic cancer patients and 135 controls. The presence of diabetes was evaluated and the time period between\r\nthe diagnosis of diabetes and pancreatic cancer was assessed. A subanalysis based on patient sex was conducted. Results. Diabetes\r\nmellitus was present in 64 patients (35.2%) in pancreatic cancer group and in 27 patients (20.0%) in control group (?2 = 8.709;\r\nP = 0.003). In 18 patients (28.1% of diabetic pancreatic cancer patients) diabetes was new-onset. Diabetes was new-onset in 23.3%\r\nof females compared to 38.1% of males (?2 = 1.537; P = 0.215). The overall prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher among\r\nfemale pancreatic cancer patients (25% versus 43.9%; ?2 = 7.070, P = 0.008), while diabetes prevalence was equally represented in\r\nthe control group patients (22.1% versus 17.2%; ?2 = 0.484, P = 0.487). Conclusion. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in study\r\ngroup of pancreatic cancer patients was significantly higher when compared to control group. Pancreatic cancer patients with\r\ndiabetes were predominantly females, while diabetes was equally prevalent among sexes in the control group. Therefore, patient\r\nsex may play important role in the risk stratification....
Objective: The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2010 was utilized to examine risk factor variables\r\nof diabetes-related complications and foot inspection practices of health care providers (HCPs) and of people with diabetes among\r\nfive ethnic groups.\r\nDesign: The study design conducted was descriptive using the NHANES 2009-2010 secondary dataset. The sample included\r\nindividuals 40 years of age and older who self-reported a diabetes diagnosis.\r\nMeasurements: The risk factor variables (glycated hemoglobin (A1c), cigarette smoking cigarettes, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and\r\ndiastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) high-density lipoprotein (HDL), albumin and creatinine\r\nlevels, and dilated pupil exams) for three diabetes-related complications (cardiovascular disease (CVD), nephropathy, retinopathy),\r\nand practices of HCPs and people with diabetes for checking the feet for ulcers were measured..\r\nResults: Chi-squares were compared among five ethnic groups and particular variables showed significant differences in between\r\nspecific groups using SAS 9.2 �©. The groups with the highest prevalence of risk factors for diabetes-related complications are\r\nNon-Hispanic Black followed by Mexican American. This study demonstrates disparities among different ethnic groups with diabetes\r\nand the need for continued efforts to increase awareness of the importance of diabetes follow-up care, and of maintaining controlled\r\nA1c, blood pressure, lipid, creatinine and albumin levels.\r\nConclusion: The findings of this study will add to the diabetes literature highlighting current data on A1c, SBP and DBP ranges,\r\ntriglyceride, LDL, HDL, albumin, and creatinine levels dilated pupil exam, and foot inspection practices of HCPs and people with\r\ndiabetes....
Background: Antihypertensive drugs including thiazide diuretics, beta blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), reninangiotensin\r\ninhibitors or vasodilators produce elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) (>70-99 mg/dL). Hyperglycemia is more\r\ncommon and severe with thiazide diuretics than with BB, CCB, ACEI or ARB drugs. Questions have been raised about the mechanism\r\nand risk of drug-induced hyperglycemia.\r\nMethod: We present here four patients treated with diuretics who developed hyperglycemia - fasting blood glucose (FBG) > 126 mg/\r\ndL (7 mmol/L) diagnostic of diabetes. Three patients had hypertension and one, congestive heart failure (CHF). Three patients had no\r\ndiabetes, one gave 8 to 10 year history of diabetes. One patient received no diuretic therapy and his glucose level was normal with\r\ninsulin and oral hypoglycemic agent treatment. Subsequently, he became hypertensive and was treated with a thiazide diuretic but\r\nno antidiabetic agents. He then developed new-onset diabetes.\r\nResults: All patients showed hyperglycemia above FBG criteria for diabetes. 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPPG) was not\r\ndiagnostic of diabetes in three patients. Two patients were prescribed antidiabetic therapy which was stopped with no worsening of\r\nhyperglycemia although diuretic therapy continued. In two patients diuretic was discontinued. Hyperglycemia abated in one, while\r\nin the other, hyperglycemia worsened requiring Glargine insulin.\r\nConclusion: Hyperglycemia is common in patients with hypertension or CHF treated with a thiazide diuretic alone or in combination\r\nwith other diuretics. Although by definition the term new-onset diabetes may be used to connote hyperglycemia, in reality diabetes\r\ninduced by diuretics is not diabetes as 2hPPG does not usually exceed 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L), and patients show no evidence of\r\nany vascular complications. It may be more appropriate to define elevated glucose associated with diuretic ââ?¬Å?hyperglycemiaââ?¬Â rather\r\nthan new-onset diabetes. The real issue is that use of thiazide diuretics is imperative in blood pressure control especially in resistant\r\nhypertension. Even with new-onset diabetes, thiazide diuretics are commonly found to be safe, reducing risk of stroke, heart attack,\r\nand renal failure characteristic of uncontrolled hypertension. Therefore, risks of new-onset diabetes, induced by diuretic therapy, will\r\nbe difficult to ascertain because of hypertension for which thiazide diuretic is widely used....
Prostate cancer and the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) thereof are involved in diabetes in terms of diabetes-associated\r\ncarcinogenesis and ADT-related metabolic disorder, respectively. The aim of this study is to systematically review relevant\r\nliterature. About 218,000 men are estimated to be newly diagnosed with prostate cancer every year in the United States.\r\nApproximately 10% of them are still found with metastasis, and in addition to them, about 30% of patients with nonmetastatic\r\nprostate cancer recently experience ADT. Population-based studies have shown that dissimilar to other malignancies, type 2\r\ndiabetes is associated with a lower incidence of prostate cancer, whereas recent large cohort studies have reported the association of\r\ndiabetes with advanced high-grade prostate cancer. Although the reason for the lower prevalence of prostate cancer among diabetic\r\nmen remains unknown, the lower serum testosterone and PSA levels in them can account for the increased risk of advanced disease\r\nat diagnosis.Meanwhile, insulin resistance already appears in 25ââ?¬â??60% of the patients 3 months after the introduction of ADT, and\r\nlong-term ADT leads to a higher incidence of diabetes (reported hazard ratio of 1.28ââ?¬â??1.44). Although the possible relevance of\r\ncytokines such as Il-6 and TNF-a to ADT-related diabetes has been suggested, its mechanism is poorly understood....
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